The Paanch Maha Prana are the etheric forces, which combine together in a human form to provide basic life force to a human body.
Prana vayu is the upward rising force in the region between the diaphragm and the shoulders. Salutations are paid to this by touching the tips of the middle finger and the ring finger to the tip of the thumb. This is called prana vayu mudra.
Apana vayu is the downward moving force, from the navel towards the pelvis. Salutations are paid to this by touching the tips of the ring and little finger to the tip of your thumb. This is the apana vayu mudra.
Samaan vayu is the balancing force between prana vayu and apana vayu. It is the outward and sideways moving force in the region between the diaphragm and the navel. Salutations are paid to this by touching the tips of index and middle finger to the tip of your thumb. This is called the samana vayu mudra.
Udana vayu rises upwards from the pit of the throat. Salutations are paid to this by touching the tips of your index finger, middle finger and ring finger to the tip of your thumb. This is the udana vayu mudra.
Vayana vayu is the all-pervading force. Salutations are paid to this by touching the tips of all your fingers to the tip of your thumb. This is known as the vayana vayu mudra.
There exist various other mudras that can be practiced after one reaches a higher level of evolution and has the capacity to hold the intensity that force generates. One of them is the gyan mudra, where you join the tip of your index finger to the tip of thumb—this stimulates the flow of gyan. The next is dhyan mudra, where the tip of your middle finger touches the tip of your thumb. The abhaya mudra is the same as the gyan mudra, the difference is in the placement—you take your hands a little higher than your throat. This mudra helps you rid fear inside you. However, you should be under the complete guidance of a guru if you want to carry out any mudra safely.
Originally published in DNA

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